مظفریان (سومالی)

معفریان (یا دودمان مظفر) دودمانی مسلمان بودند که از اواخر قرن پانزدهم یا اوایل قرن شانزدهم تا حدود سال ۱۶۲۴ یا احتمالاً تا اواخر سال ۱۷۰۰ بر سواحل بنادر با پایتختی موگادیشو حکومت می‌کردند.^[۱]^[۲] آن‌ها از نژاد ایرانی بودند که با جمعیت محلی سومالی آمیخته بودند و به طایفه اجوران مربوط می‌شدند.^[۳] آن‌ها عملاً مستقل بودند،^[۲] اما با سلطنت قدرتمندتر اجوران متحد شدند.^[۳]^[۴] مظفریان در برابر پرتغالی‌ها مقاومت کردند، اما گاه با آن‌ها همکالی‌هایی نیز داشتند.^[۲]^[۵] این سرزمین در سده هفدهم توسط ابغال سومالی تسخیر شد.^[۴]

یادداشت

↑ (Chittick 1977): "In the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century a Muzaffarid dynasty, apparently related to the Somali Ajuran, who by then controlled the lower Shebele basin, was established at Mogadishu. Later the Ajuran succumbed to Hawiya immigrants and the Muzaffarid dynasty collapsed about 1624."
↑ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ (Freeman-Grenville): "As to Mogadishu, when its independence was once asserted, although tribute was occasionally paid to quieten the Portuguese, the town enjoyed virtual self-government until c. 1700, when the Muzaffarid dynasty was overthrown by an invasion of the Somali, since then its rulers and now the majority of its inhabitants."
↑ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ (Mukhtar 2016): "The Ajuran Sultanate amalgamated other existing dynasties such as the Muzaffar, of mixed Persian–Somali ancestry, who ruled the Benadir coast from Mogadishu, and created a confederacy of clans..."
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ (Kassim 1995): "Recent coin finds also indicate that Mogadishu minted its own local currency from 1300 to 1700. But this economic affluence was very much dependent on international trade; and the economic decline of these coastal city-states, which may have started around the 15th century, was accelerated when the Portuguese began intercepting their trade during the 16th century. This economic calamity was followed by the overthrow of both the Ajuran dynasty of the Banadir hinterland and Muzaffar dynasty of Mogadishu by Hawiye clans. These allied dynasties had assisted in building a regional economy based on trade and tribute that linked the coast to the interior."
↑ (Aguiar 2012): "The Muzaffar dynasty ruled Mogadishu in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The city fought off the Portuguese, who were expanding their sphere of influence all along the Swahili Coast, but by the end of the seventeenth century it had been taken over by another foreign power, the sultan of Oman."

کتابشناسی - فهرست کتب

Aguiar, Marian (2012). "Mogadishu". Dictionary of African Biography. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 178–179.
- Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. (1963). "Coins from Mogadishu, c. 1300 to c. 1700". The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Seventh Series. 3: 179–200. JSTOR 42662497.
Kassim, Mohamed M. (1995). "Islam and Swahili Culture on the Banadir Coast". Northeast African Studies. New Series. 2 (3): 21–37. JSTOR 41931111.

[Chittick-1] (Chittick 1977): "In the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century a Muzaffarid dynasty, apparently related to the Somali Ajuran, who by then controlled the lower Shebele basin, was established at Mogadishu. Later the Ajuran succumbed to Hawiya immigrants and the Muzaffarid dynasty collapsed about 1624."

[F-G-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ ^۲٫۲ (Freeman-Grenville): "As to Mogadishu, when its independence was once asserted, although tribute was occasionally paid to quieten the Portuguese, the town enjoyed virtual self-government until c. 1700, when the Muzaffarid dynasty was overthrown by an invasion of the Somali, since then its rulers and now the majority of its inhabitants."

[Mukhtar-3] ۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ (Mukhtar 2016): "The Ajuran Sultanate amalgamated other existing dynasties such as the Muzaffar, of mixed Persian–Somali ancestry, who ruled the Benadir coast from Mogadishu, and created a confederacy of clans..."

[Kassim-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ (Kassim 1995): "Recent coin finds also indicate that Mogadishu minted its own local currency from 1300 to 1700. But this economic affluence was very much dependent on international trade; and the economic decline of these coastal city-states, which may have started around the 15th century, was accelerated when the Portuguese began intercepting their trade during the 16th century. This economic calamity was followed by the overthrow of both the Ajuran dynasty of the Banadir hinterland and Muzaffar dynasty of Mogadishu by Hawiye clans. These allied dynasties had assisted in building a regional economy based on trade and tribute that linked the coast to the interior."

[Aguiar-5] (Aguiar 2012): "The Muzaffar dynasty ruled Mogadishu in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The city fought off the Portuguese, who were expanding their sphere of influence all along the Swahili Coast, but by the end of the seventeenth century it had been taken over by another foreign power, the sultan of Oman."

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