رکسانا (همسر کمبوجیه)

روشنک، در منابع یونانی روشنک به صورت رکسانا نوشته شده است. بر پایه نقل قول از کتاب پرسیکا نوشتهٔ کتزیاس یکی از همسران کمبوجیه دوم بود که فرزندی بدون سر به دنیا آورد. ممکن است (اما نمی‌توان ثابت کرد) که او یکی از دو خواهر کمبوجیه بود که طبق هرودوت ۳٫۳۱٫۶ با او ازدواج کردند.^[۱]

نام

رکسانا نامی یونانی برگرفته از نام ایرانی باستان روشنک است. *Raṷxšnā- (ولی نه *Raṷxšā̆nā-) که معادل زنانه همتای مردانه اش *Raṷxšna (که در نوشتار پلوتارک دربارهٔ فرمانده لشکر هزار نفری خشایارشای یکم هخامنشی به کار برده است).^[۲]برای این نام تا کنون معانی مختلفی در نظر گرفته شد از جمله «شجاع و دلیر» چرا که به افسانه ای به همین نام اشاره می‌کند. معانی دیگر ان به نور (برگرفته شده از روشنایی) مانند سپیده دم خورشید، مشعلدار، روشنایی قبل از طلوع، سیاره زهره بازمی‌گردند. از دیگر معانی روشنک می‌توان به «دشت گل‌های آفتابگردان» یا «گل آفتابگردان» اشاره کرد که گمان می‌رود به کلمات آفتاب و نور که از معانی کلمهٔ روشنایی (ریشه نام روشنک) می‌باشند بازگردند. همچنین درختی نیز به همین نام (نام دیگر:درخت صمغ بلسانی) موجود می‌باشد که اغلب به خاطر وجود خواص دارویی مشهور است.

ازدواج کمبوجیه

جوآن ام. بیگوود در مقاله ازدواج با محارم در ایران هخامنشی: اسطوره‌ها و واقعیت‌ها می‌نویسد: هرودوت روایت کرده است که کمبوجیه دوم با خواهرش آتوسا و یک خواهر دیگر تنی دیگر که نام او را ذکر نکرده ازدواج کرده است. به فرض صحت در هیچ جای کتاب نیامده است که آتوسا «خواهر تنی» او بوده است هرودوت نام خواهر دیگر کمبوجیه که همسر او نیز بوده را ذکر نکرده است.
کتزیاس است که از رکسانا به عنوان زن کمبوجیه نام برده است. مشخص نیست که کمبوجیه در روایت کتزیاس چند همسر داشته است. خانواده رکسانا و اصل و نسب او ناشناخته است و چیزی وجود ندارد که نشان دهد کمبوجیه و رکسانا خواهر و برادر هستند. به علاوه، هیچ تضمینی نیست که داستانی که کتزیاس ارائه می‌کند دقیق‌تر از داستان هرودوت باشد.^[۳]

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پانویس

↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica (2018-04-06). "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". Encyclopædia Iranica (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2025-01-29.‏
↑ Rüdiger Schmitt, “RHOXANE i. THE NAME,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2018, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rhoxane-name (accessed on 06 April 2018).
↑ "Full text of "Bigwood 2009 , Incestuous' Marriage In Achaemenid Iran Myths And Realities"". Internet Archive (به انگلیسی). 2016-10-23. Retrieved 2025-01-25. This they say was the first beginning of the evil deeds of Cambyses; and next after this he put to death his sister, who had accompanied him to Egypt, to whom also he was married, she being his sister by both parents. Now he took her to wife in the following manner (for before this the Persians had not been wont at all to marry their sisters):--Cambyses fell in love with one of his sisters, and desired to take her to wife; so since he had it in mind to do that which was not customary, he called the Royal Judges and asked them whether there existed any law which permitted him who desired it to marry his sister. Now the Royal Judges are men chosen out from among the Persians, and hold their office until they die or until some injustice is found in them, so long and no longer. These pronounce decisions for the Persians and are the expounders of the ordinances of their fathers, and all matters are referred to them. So when Cambyses asked them, they gave him an answer which was both upright and safe, saying that they found no law which permitted a brother to marry his sister, but apart from that they had found a law to the effect that the king of the Persians might do whatsoever he desired. Thus on the one hand they did not tamper with the law for fear of Cambyses, and at the same time, that they might not perish themselves in maintaining the law, they found another law beside that which was asked for, which was in favour of him who wished to marry his sisters. So Cambyses at that time took to wife her with whom he was in love, but after no long time he took another sister. Of these it was the younger whom he put to death, she having accompanied him to Egypt.‏

[q578-1] Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica (2018-04-06). "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". Encyclopædia Iranica (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2025-01-29.‏

[2] Rüdiger Schmitt, “RHOXANE i. THE NAME,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2018, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rhoxane-name (accessed on 06 April 2018).

[j943-3] "Full text of "Bigwood 2009 , Incestuous' Marriage In Achaemenid Iran Myths And Realities"". Internet Archive (به انگلیسی). 2016-10-23. Retrieved 2025-01-25. This they say was the first beginning of the evil deeds of Cambyses; and next after this he put to death his sister, who had accompanied him to Egypt, to whom also he was married, she being his sister by both parents. Now he took her to wife in the following manner (for before this the Persians had not been wont at all to marry their sisters):--Cambyses fell in love with one of his sisters, and desired to take her to wife; so since he had it in mind to do that which was not customary, he called the Royal Judges and asked them whether there existed any law which permitted him who desired it to marry his sister. Now the Royal Judges are men chosen out from among the Persians, and hold their office until they die or until some injustice is found in them, so long and no longer. These pronounce decisions for the Persians and are the expounders of the ordinances of their fathers, and all matters are referred to them. So when Cambyses asked them, they gave him an answer which was both upright and safe, saying that they found no law which permitted a brother to marry his sister, but apart from that they had found a law to the effect that the king of the Persians might do whatsoever he desired. Thus on the one hand they did not tamper with the law for fear of Cambyses, and at the same time, that they might not perish themselves in maintaining the law, they found another law beside that which was asked for, which was in favour of him who wished to marry his sisters. So Cambyses at that time took to wife her with whom he was in love, but after no long time he took another sister. Of these it was the younger whom he put to death, she having accompanied him to Egypt.‏

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