راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/اسلواکی

همخوان‌ها
IPA	مثال‌ها	تلفظ‌های تقریبی و نزدیک به انگلیسی
b	byť, vstup do^[۱]	bill
d	domov, prvýkrát bolo^[۱]	door
ɟ^[۲]	ďaleko, byť zaradený^[۱]	dew
f	farba, vták^[۳]	focus
ɡ	garáž, kde^[۱]	go
ɦ	hlava	ahead
j	jogurt	yellow
k	koláč, ping-pong^[۴]	scan
l	láska^[۵]	pill
l̩	vlk	little
l̩ː	vĺča	little left (long)
ʎ	ľad^[۵]	failure
m	maslo, hanba^[۶]	milk
n	noc^[۶]	now
ɲ	laň	canyon
p	pavúk, dub^[۴]	spill
r	robot	atom (US)
r̩	prst	atom (US)
r̩ː	vŕba	Spanish perro
s	slnko, mráz^[۴]	six
ʂ	šach, rúž^[۴]	shell
t	tulipán, hlad^[۴]	stand
c^[۲]	radosť, loď^[۴]	stew
ts	cena, jedz^[۴]	bats
tʂ	človek, hádž^[۴]	chase
ʋ	sever^[۳]	between vine and wine
x	chlieb, sneh	loch (Scottish)
z	zima, ananás bol^[۱]	zoo
ʐ	žena, Aleš bol^[۱]	fusion
Marginal consonants
dz	hádzať, noc bez^[۱]	heads
dʐ	džbán, cárovič bol^[۱]	job
ɣ	vrh guľou^[۱]	between got and hot
ɱ	informácia^[۶]	comfort
ŋ	banka^[۶]	sing
v	vzrast,^[۳] Adolf bol^[۱]	vine
w	pravda, krv,^[۳] Tatrou	wine

واکه‌ها^[۷]
IPA	مثال‌ها	تلفظ‌های تقریبی و نزدیک به انگلیسی
واکه‌های ساده
a	matka	art
aː	ráno	father
ɛɐ	mäso^[۸]	German Herz (when pronounced [hɛɐts])
e	drevo	Traditional RP left
i	tri, syr	kit
iː	písať, výr	leave
ɔ	dom	off
u	ruža	bull
uː	úroda	food
Marginal monophthongs
eː	fén	Traditional RP bed
ɔː	móda	dog
واکه‌های مرکب
ɪɐ	piaty	yap (rather than German Wirt)
ɪe	viera	yes
ʊɔ	stôl	warrior
Marginal diphthongs
ɪu	vyššiu	use (rather than new in Welsh English)

واج‌های زبر زنجیری
IPA	مثال	توضیح
ˈ	Revúca [ˈreʋuːtsa]	Primary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word.
.	Mária [ˈmaːri.a] ^[۹]	Syllabification

یادداشت‌ها

↑ ^۱٫۰۰ ^۱٫۰۱ ^۱٫۰۲ ^۱٫۰۳ ^۱٫۰۴ ^۱٫۰۵ ^۱٫۰۶ ^۱٫۰۷ ^۱٫۰۸ ^۱٫۰۹ Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ/, [b, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, c, ts, tʂ, k, s, ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, ɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/. /f/ and /x/ are also voiced in this environment, to [v] and [ɣ].
↑ ^۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ Pavlík (2004), pp. 99,106.
↑ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ ^۳٫۲ ^۳٫۳ The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, w] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
• [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʂ, s, ʂ, x/;
• [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/;
• [w] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [w]) occur in the syllable coda;
• [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ ^۴٫۲ ^۴٫۳ ^۴٫۴ ^۴٫۵ ^۴٫۶ ^۴٫۷ Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /k, p, s, ʂ, t, c, ts, tʂ/, [k, p, s, ʂ, t, c, ts, tʂ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, ɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ].
↑ ^۵٫۰ ^۵٫۱ The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only the alveolar /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which the alveolo-palatal /ʎ/ merges with the alveolar /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
↑ ^۶٫۰ ^۶٫۱ ^۶٫۲ ^۶٫۳ Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonant they are [ŋ], and before labial consonant they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
↑ In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪu, ʊɔ/ count as long vowels.
↑ [ɛɐ] is a phonological monophthong, usually transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from [e], it is clearly an opening diphthong (Pavlík 2004:94).
↑ Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences [i.a], [i.e] and [i.u], which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs [ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪu]. In the case of other hiatuses, the syllable break is omitted.

منابع

Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), Bosák, Ján; Petrufová, Magdaléna (eds.), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" [Slovak Speech Sounds and the International Phonetic Alphabet] (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis [The Linguistic Journal] (به اسلواکی), Bratislava: Slovak Academic Press, spol. s r. o. (55/2): 87–109, ISSN 0021-5597
Jazyková poradňa : Ako správne skloňovať cudzie vlastné mená Merliah a Kylie? (به اسلواکی), Bratislava: Petit Press

منابع

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Help:IPA/Slovak». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۲۴ نوامبر ۲۰۲۲.

[voiced-1] ۱٫۰۰ ^۱٫۰۱ ^۱٫۰۲ ^۱٫۰۳ ^۱٫۰۴ ^۱٫۰۵ ^۱٫۰۶ ^۱٫۰۷ ^۱٫۰۸ ^۱٫۰۹ Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ/, [b, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, c, ts, tʂ, k, s, ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, ɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/. /f/ and /x/ are also voiced in this environment, to [v] and [ɣ].

[FOOTNOTEPavlík200499,106-2] ۲٫۰ ^۲٫۱ Pavlík (2004), pp. 99,106.

[v-3] ۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ ^۳٫۲ ^۳٫۳ The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, w] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
• [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʂ, s, ʂ, x/;
• [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/;
• [w] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [w]) occur in the syllable coda;
• [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).

[voiceless-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ ^۴٫۲ ^۴٫۳ ^۴٫۴ ^۴٫۵ ^۴٫۶ ^۴٫۷ Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /k, p, s, ʂ, t, c, ts, tʂ/, [k, p, s, ʂ, t, c, ts, tʂ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, ɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ].

[hardsoftlaterals-5] ۵٫۰ ^۵٫۱ The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only the alveolar /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which the alveolo-palatal /ʎ/ merges with the alveolar /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).

[nasal-6] ۶٫۰ ^۶٫۱ ^۶٫۲ ^۶٫۳ Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonant they are [ŋ], and before labial consonant they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.

[7] In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪu, ʊɔ/ count as long vowels.

[8] [ɛɐ] is a phonological monophthong, usually transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from [e], it is clearly an opening diphthong (Pavlík 2004:94).

[9] Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences [i.a], [i.e] and [i.u], which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs [ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪu]. In the case of other hiatuses, the syllable break is omitted.

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

[۴]

[۵]

[۶]

[۷]

[۸]

[۹]